Dementia involves:
Neurodegeneration: Progressive degeneration of nerve cells in the brain, leading to cognitive decline and loss of function.
Plaque Formation: Accumulation of abnormal proteins (such as beta-amyloid plaques) in the brain, disrupting neuronal communication.
Tau Protein Tangles: Formation of neurofibrillary tangles inside nerve cells, contributing to cell death and brain atrophy.
Neurotransmitter Imbalance: Disruption of neurotransmitter levels, affecting communication between brain cells.
Complications: Dementia results in memory loss, impaired judgment, personality changes, and loss of independent function.
Clinical Evaluation
Symptoms: Assessment of symptoms such as memory loss, confusion, difficulty with daily tasks, and behavioral changes.
Physical Examination: Examination findings may include cognitive tests, assessment of neurological function, and evaluation of mental status.
Diagnostic Tests: Brain imaging (such as MRI or CT scan) to detect brain changes, cognitive assessments, and blood tests to rule out other causes.
Memory loss, especially recent memories.
Difficulty with planning and organizing tasks.
Confusion and disorientation, especially in unfamiliar environments.
Personality changes and mood swings.
Loss of language skills and communication difficulties.
Treatment aims to manage symptoms and improve quality of life:
Medications: Drugs to manage cognitive symptoms and improve neurotransmitter function.
Therapies: Cognitive behavioral therapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy to support cognitive function and daily activities.
Supportive Care: Assistance with daily tasks, safety measures, and environment modifications.
Family and Caregiver Support: Education, counseling, and support groups for caregivers.